伟哥与肺动脉高压
(图片来源:themalaymailonline)
导读
2016年12月9日下午,韩国国会正式通过朴槿惠弹劾案,这位总统大妈被正式停职。↓
(图片来源:腾讯新闻)
从励志女领袖到闺蜜门、伟哥门主角再到现在沦为停职总统,这位朴大妈的传奇人生确实引人深思……嗯,她前些日子被曝光的伟哥事件,小编对此还记忆犹新呢↓
不不不,老司机们别想歪,小编可是一本正经地来科普的。
据称,朴大妈当时购买伟哥(Viagra)是为应对(2015年)5月位于海拔1000——2000米的非洲三国之行,是作为高山病治疗药而购买的。可能在吃瓜群众们眼中,伟哥只是治疗男子阴茎勃起功能障碍(erectile dysfunction)的有效药物,孰不知,它也可用于治疗肺动脉高压(pulmonary arterial hypertension)和高原反应(altitude sickness or acute mountain sickness, AMS)。
下面小编就来给大家科普一下
1.伟哥是啥?What is Viagra?
(z.xiziwang.net)
Sildenafil, sold as Viagra and other trade names, is a medication used to treat erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension.(Wikipeida)
枸橼酸西地那非,商品名为伟哥(威而刚),我国处方药名为艾万可,是一种可用于治疗勃起功能障碍及肺动脉高压的口服药物。
美国科学院院士费里德·穆拉德(Ferid Murad)博士在20世纪70年代末发现,一氧化氮能够促使心血管扩张。根据他的理论,美国辉瑞公司研发了伟哥。费里德·穆拉德不仅因这一发现获得了1998年诺贝尔医学/生理学奖,还被称为伟哥之父。
然而,穆拉德博士并不喜欢这一称呼。他表示,治疗勃起障碍只是伟哥功效中的一小部分。
维基百科中列举了伟哥的以下几个医疗用途(medical uses):
Sexual dysfunction 性功能障碍
The primary indication of sildenafil is treatment of erectile dysfunction (inability to sustain a satisfactory erection to complete intercourse(性交)). Its use is now one of the standard treatment for erectile dysfunction, including for men with diabetes mellitus.
枸橼酸西地那非的主要适应症为治疗勃起功能障碍(阴茎持续不能达到和维持足够的勃起以进行满意的性交(intercourse))。它如今是男性(包括糖尿病男性)勃起功能障碍的标准治疗药物之一。
Pulmonary hypertension 肺动脉高压
While sildenafil improves some markers of disease in people with pulmonary arterial hypertension, it does not appear to affect the risk of death or serious side effects as of 2014.
尽管枸橼酸西地那非对肺动脉高压患者的一些疾病标志性症状有所改善,但是截至2014年,尚未有研究表明其对这一疾病的死亡或严重副作用的风险有所影响。
Antidepressant-associated sexual dysfunction 抗抑郁药物相关的性功能障碍
Tentative evidence suggests that sildenafil may help men who experience antidepressant-induced erectile dysfunction.
有初步证据显示,西地那非可帮助治疗男性由抗抑郁药物引起的性功能障碍。
Altitude sickness 高原反应
Sildenafil appears to improve some risk factors for high-altitude pulmonary edema(高原性肺水肿) but it is unclear whether or not it affects the rate of the condition itself as of 2008.
枸橼酸西地那非似乎可帮助减少高原性肺水肿(high-altitude pulmonary edema)的一些风险因素,但截止2008年,尚未有研究表明其是否对疾病本身的严重程度有所影响。
2. 何为肺动脉高压? What is pulmonary (arterial) hypertension ?
(bio360.net)
肺动脉高压是指各种原因所引起的肺动脉压力持久性增高,超过正常最高值时即为肺动脉高压。
Pulmonary hypertension is thepersistent increase of pulmonary artery pressure which is finally beyond the normal maximum value, resulting froma variety of causes.
正常情况下,肺动脉压力在安静时为2.4~4.0/0.8~1.6千帕(18~30/6~12毫米汞柱),平均压力为1.7~2.3千 帕(13~17毫米汞柱)。当肺动脉收缩压(systolic pressure)超过4.O千帕(30毫米汞柱),舒张压(diastolic pressure)超过2.0千帕(15毫米汞柱)或平均压高于 2.7千帕(20毫米汞柱)时称为肺动脉高压。
Under normal circumstances, the pulmonary artery pressure in a persons resting state is 2.4 ~ 4.0 / 0.8 ~ 1.6 kPa (18 ~ 30/6 ~ 12 mmHg), with an average pressure of 1.7 to 2.3 kPa (13 ~ 17 mmHg). Pulmonary hypertension occurs when the systolic pressure(收缩压)in pulmonary artery isabove 4.0 kPa (30 mmHg) and the diastolic pressure (舒张压)above 2.0 kPa (15 mmHg), or with an average pressure of above 2.7 kPa (20 mmHg).
肺动脉高压主要分为两种:原发性肺动脉高压(primary PH)和继发性肺动脉高压(secondary PH)。原发性肺动脉高压病因不明,且不如继发性肺动脉高压常见。
继发性肺动脉高压的常见基础疾病为心脏和呼吸性疾病,事实上,呼吸系统的任何主要部分如气道、肺实质(lung parenchyma)、胸廓(thorax)和神经肌肉病变,都可导致肺动脉高压。
The underlying diseases of secondary PH are usually cardiac and respiratory diseases. In fact, PH can be caused by lesions of any major parts of the respiratory system, such as airway, lung parenchyma,thorax and neuro-muscle.
高原肺动脉高压是指自平原进入高原地区(海拔3 000米以上),因缺氧(hypoxic)、机体适应不全(maladaptation),引起肺动脉压升高而言。(来源:陈文彬《高原肺动脉高压》,《新医学》,1992年01期)
High altitude pulmonary hypertension refers to the increase of pulmonary artery pressuredue to hypoxic and maladaptationof the body of whom moves from plains area to plateau region(usually 3 000 meters above sea level).
高原性肺动脉高压是慢性高原病较为严重的阶段,通常会发生肺小动脉(arteriola)重塑和右心增大。心室肥厚(ventricular hypertrophy)的程度、肺血管的收缩反应、肺血管阻力(pulmonary vascular resistance)大小都和海拔高度具有明显的相关性。
High altitude pulmonary hypertension, uaually accompanied by arteriola remodeling and right ventricular enlargement,is a more serious stage of chronic high altitude disease. The degree of ventricular hypertrophy(心室肥厚),contraction ofpulmonary vascular and pulmonary vascular resistance(肺血管阻力),are significantly correlated withaltitude.
3. 伟哥(枸橼酸西地那非)为何能用于治疗肺动脉高压?WhyViagra(Sildenafil) can be used to treatpulmonary hypertension?
(百度图片)
在(且几乎只在)阴茎和肺这两个器官内,磷酸二酯酶(phosphodiesterase)高度集中。这一物质在阴茎中可能影响勃起,在肺部则会导致血管变细。枸橼酸西地那非(伟哥)能有效抑制该种酶的产生,因此它既能帮助阴茎长时间勃起,又能扩张肺血管。
Phosphodiesterase(磷酸二酯酶), which may affect the erection of penis and narrow the pulmonary vessels, is highly concentrated (nearly only) in these two organs. As an efficient inhibitor of phosphodiesterases generation, sildenafil can not only help the penis to erect for longer time, but also help to dilate the pulmonary vessels.
有一篇发表在RESPIRATORY MEDICINE杂志上的SCI论文对枸橼酸西地那非治疗肺动脉高压的疗效和安全性进行了评估。
以下是该文章得出的结论:
Sildenafil therapy lasting ≥ 12 weeks improves multiple clinical and hemodynamic(血流动力的) outcomes in patients with PAH, but it appears to have no effect on mortality(致命性) or serious adverse events. The long-term efficacy and safety of sildenafil therapy in PAH requires further study based on large and well-designed RCTs(随机对照试验).
持续进行枸橼酸西地那非治疗12周以上,对肺动脉高压患者的多重临床症状及血流动力均有所改善,但其对该疾病的死亡风险及严重不良反应似乎并无影响。枸橼酸西地那非治疗肺动脉的长期功效和安全性需要在大型且精心设计的随机对照试验(randomized controlled trials, RCTs)的基础上作进一步研究。
(文章网址:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0954611114000237?np=y)
(xinhuanet.com)
科普到此结束啦~
最后,小编想说一句,虽然朴大妈要去访问的非洲国家海拔不到3000米,但是鉴于这种高原病症如此可怕,人家担心自己身体吃不消,备点药压压惊也是可以理解的嘛~
资料来源:医学界微信号/放心医苑网/百度/360百科/Wikipedia/RESPIRATORY MEDICINE/腾讯新闻等
图片来源:百度图片/必应/新华网等
编辑:Nicole
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